Simultaneously, the release of Sr also significantly decreased the number of multi-nucleated osteoclasts as demonstrated by TRAP staining. Taken together, these Gentamycin Sulfate results suggest that the use of Srcontaining scaffolds may provide greater defect healing in osteoporotic related periodontal defects. Additional clinical studies are required to fully characterize the possible beneficial effect of Sr-MBG scaffolds for patients suffering from both periodontal disease and osteoporosis. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a debilitating disease involving both hips; it normally affects younger patients. Cases of ONFH have been related to various risk factors, including genetic mutations. Factor V Leiden, the prothrombin G20210A mutation, and the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism are the most common genetic risk factors predisposing Caucasians to ONFH. However, the correlation in Asian patients remains controversial. The conflicting results are confusing because the incidence of ONFH in the Asian population is reported to be higher than in the Caucasian population. However, factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and the MTHFR mutation are either absent or irrelevant in the Asian population. Because the etiologies of ONFH are miscellaneous, most genetic association studies on ONFH segregated their patients into different subgroups based on the risk factors. This may decrease the number of samples in the subgroup analysis and may generate false results. We hypothesized that Asian patients with ONFH should have genetic polymorphisms associated with coagulation abnormalities because their incidence of ONFH is higher than that of Caucasians. We focused on the factor V gene because of its importance in the coagulation cascade. We first used a microarray to screen all single nucleotide polymorphisms of the factor V genes and then validated the results in 146 patients with ONFH and 116 controls. We did not find any factor V Chloroquine Phosphate Leiden mutation in any patients with ONFH or in any controls. Our results were consistent with those of Jun et al., who found that none of their 369 Han Chinese patients with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism had factor V Leiden and concluded that “factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations are very rare in the Chinese population”. Interruption of blood circulation has been suggested as the common pathogenesis pathway for the ONFH. The high incidence of patients in whom both hips are involved also suggests that it might be associated with genetic or constitutional traits. SNPs are the most common type of sequence variation and might be involved in common, polygenic diseases. Many SNPs have been related to hereditary thrombophilia or hypofibrinolysis and associated with a high prevalence rate in patients with ONFH. The most frequently reported SNPs include factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210A, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, apolipoprotein, and the MTHFR gene. However, these results were reported from the western countries that had different ethnic population as the Asian countries. In Asian populations, no significant differences in factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A have been reported between patients with ONFH and controls. The thrombophilic MTHFR C677T polymorphism was also contradictorily reported. Based on our findings and the overwhelming supportive evidence in the literature, we conclude that factor V Leiden is not responsible for the high prevalence of ONFH in the Chinese population. Because the prevalence of ONFH in the Asian population is higher than in the Caucasian population.