We have tried to account for this matter by using two methods, the first adjusted for the number of genes analyzed in the study multiplied by the two hypotheses and three genetic models, and a second correction adjusted for the total SNPs and the six tests. The precise correction likely falls somewhere between these two measures; as the first is not conservative enough, while the second is likely too strict. P-values as presented are moderate and conclusions must be tempered by the multiple comparisons problem. Replication of these genes in additional cohorts is necessary.We also examined NEMPs that were previously reported as cellular gene products required for HIV-infection in screens using siRNAs, mRNA expression, or proteomics for SNPs associated with AIDS-1987. Out of 1353 cellular factors identified in these studies, 151 are also identified NEMPs. Our previous studies on mitochondrial DNA that showed European haplogroups with presumed functional differences were associated with AIDS progression and HAART mediated adverse events, and the modest influences of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes found in the current study add support to the idea that mitochondrial function plays a role in AIDS pathogenesis. Chronic Hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis with the World Health Organization estimating that up to 3% of the world’s population are affected. The pathogenic CPI-613 Dehydrogenase inhibitor processes by which hepatitis C virus causes liver fibrosis are incompletely understood, but include immune activation, direct cytopathic effects, activation of hepatic stellate cells, induction of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. A number of clinical factors are associated with fibrosis progression in CHC including male gender, duration of infection, age at infection, excessive alcohol use and most recently, daily cannabis smoking. There are genotype-specific associations with steatosis: HCV genotype 1 induces steatosis in association with insulin resistance ; HCV genotype 3 directly induces steatosis independent of other metabolic risk factors, which resolves following successful anti-viral therapy. Steatosis in CHC is associated with liver fibrosis, an increased risk of liver cancer, and higher levels of viral replication. Cannabis has been used for medicinal and ritual purposes for over 3 millennia, and remains the most commonly used recreational drug in the western world. The identification of the cannabinoid receptor 1 in human brain some twenty years ago and the subsequent discovery of endogenous cannabinoids, has led to an understanding of the importance of the endocannabinoid system in health and disease. There are two G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors; CB1 and CB2. CB1 is found in high concentrations in the brain, but is also present in many peripheral tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue and gut. CB2 is found primarily in the immune system, but is also expressed in peripheral tissues including the liver. The two best characterised endocannabinoids are arachidonoylethanolamide and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol.