These findings suggest a potential use of UA2 or related UA analogs in the treatment of wounds humans. Previous findings have suggested a potential for the use of antioxidants to treat wounds. For example, Serarslan et al. reported that caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces oxidative stress and accelerates Paeonolide cutaneous wound healing in a rat model, and Alleva et al. reported that dietary supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid enhanced wound healing in human subjects undergoing hyperbaric oxygen treatment. In addition, overexpression of manganese SOD enhanced wound healing in diabetic mice and a recent study showed that application of a wound dressing with curcumin-loaded nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing. The free radical-scavenging property of UA2 likely contributes to its beneficial effects in the in vivo and cell culture models of wound healing. Indeed, we found that levels of protein carbonyls and nitrated proteins were significantly lower in wounded tissue from UA2-treated mice compared to wounded tissue from vehicle-treated control mice. UA and some UA analogs, including UA2, have been shown to scavenge free radicals including hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. Consistent with this mechanism, we previously found that UA2 was more effective than UA or UA1 in scavenging free radicals. However, in the latter study UA1 and UA2 were similarly effective in reducing brain damage and improving functional outcome in a mouse model of stroke. It will therefore be of interest to evaluate the efficacy of a range of doses of UA and more soluble UA analogs in wound healing models. We found that UA2 enhanced the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and also accelerated the formationof vessellike tubes by endothelial cells grown in a three-dimensional matrix. The importance of angiogenesis in wound healing and our findings in the present study, suggest that similar actions of UA2 on vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the accelerated and Acacetin cytoarchitecturally superior healing of full-thickness wounds treated with UA2.