The acquired image sequences were Carfilzomib citations processed as previously described. Fluorescence intensity maps were generated in Matlab; 16-bit images were analyzed and the color bar was normalized using the lowest and highest intensity values in each image sequence. For probing MinE1�C31 on the SLB, Texas Red-DHPE in the SLB recipe was reduced to 0.04 mol%. We followed the previously described protocol to induce membrane deformation, then slowly withdrew all the solution from the chamber to remove unbound proteins, and immediately applied 200 ml fresh buffer A carefully back into the chamber. A control experiment was performed in parallel with buffer in place of the MinE solution. In both the test and control samples, 10 ml Atto488 conjugated anti-MinE antibodies were added into the chamber. The chambered slides were placed in a moisture box and incubated at 4uC overnight with gentle shaking. Prior to image acquisition, the bilayer was washed by slowly withdrawing 150 ml solution and replacing with the same volume of fresh buffer A. This step was repeated five times to remove excess antibody. Samples were then ready for image acquisition. MYCN is a member of the MYC family of basic CT99021 GSK-3 inhibitor helix-loop-helix transcription factors which regulate a diverse range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis . High level amplification of MYCN occurs in multiple pediatric cancers, and for neuroblastoma it is the most important genetic prognostic indicator of poor clinical outcome . Further evidence that this transcription factor directly contributes to tumorigenesis is provided by the development of neuroblastoma-like tumors in a transgenic mouse model overexpressing MYCN . MYC family members heterodimerize with MAX at DNA target sequences known as E-boxes, recruiting histone acetyltransferases and activating gene expression . MYC proteins have also been shown to act as transcriptional repressors by association with MIZ1 and function through the inhibition of SP1 activity . Previously, we demonstrated that MYCN has a significantly greater affinity for the CATGTG motif than for CACGTG, which is significantly associated with c-MYC binding sites . We further demonstrated that aberrantly high levels of MYCN promote the occupancy of weaker affinity E-box elements, thus commandeering the functional role of other transcription factors . Aberrant target sites for MYCN binding are highly enriched for genes that regulate aspects of the cell cycle, leading predominantly to the up-regulation of these genes .