Evant system where the reaction-diffusion PDE has no known analytic solution

We showed that this mechanism behaves as a low-pass filter and displays a waterbed effect in the dynamic response of the complex for all parameter values and a wide range of spatiotemporal stimuli. Analytic approaches such as the one presented here can shed light on the mechanisms by which living cells modulate their responses to environmental cues. This can ultimately lead to the identification of key control parameters that can be targeted to modify cellular responses, for example, with the use of therapeutic drugs. Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction complicate over 10% of all human pregnancies and contribute significantly to fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. PE is defined as high blood pressure and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. FGR is defined as a fetus that fails to reach its genetic growth potential. Long-term effects of PE and small size at birth include neurological and developmental delay and an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adult life. At present the only curative treatment for PE is the delivery of the placenta. The etiologies of PE and FGR are complex and not fully understood, but both conditions are associated with impaired uterine artery blood flow. PE and FGR are associated with decreased trophoblast invasion of the maternal spiral arteries, which leads to increased resistance and therefore impaired uterine artery blood flow. In FGR, impaired uterine artery flow can result in diminished oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus. In PE, this leads to the release of circulating factors, culminating in widespread acute maternal endothelial dysfunction and multi-organ failure. Thus, treatments directed at improving uterine artery blood flow have a theoretical potential as therapies to ameliorate PE and FGR. clinical diagnostic enhance subsequent clinical application resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that could have beneficial effects by targeting some of the common pathophysiological mechanisms described in PE and FGR. The beneficial effects of resveratrol appear to be mediated via a plethora of pathways including enhanced NO bioavailability through endothelial NO synthase expression, as well as a reduction in oxidative stress, improvement of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and a decrease in ischemia reperfusion injury. Previous studies have evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of resveratrol and have reported resveratrol to be well tolerated in humans even at very high doses and no evidence of teratogenesis associated with this compound was found in rodents. Although previous use of resveratrol in animal models of PE and is limited, it has been shown to ameliorate high blood pressure, proteinuria and improve fetal weight. In addition, resveratrol induces vasorelaxation of uterine arteries in non-pregnant guinea pigs. Despite intensive research and clinical trials there are currently no therapeutic approaches available for either treatment or prevention of PE and FGR. Although maternal manifestations differ, both of these conditions are associated with impaired uterine artery blood flow. Many clinical studies have shown a decrease in uteroplacental blood flow in cases of PE and FGR. In this study there was a significant effect of genotype on uterine artery blood flow velocity. Further, uterine artery blood flow velocity was significantly increased in the COMT2/2 mice following resveratrol administration. These results are dissimilar to a previous study in a rat model of PE, which showed no difference in blood flow to placenta following resveratrol administration. The reason for these differences may be due to variation in timing and dosage of resveratrol in addition to methodological differences in measuring blood flow. There is some indirect evidence to support the uterine artery blood flow velocity increase observed in COMT2/2 mice receiving resveratrol.