Conversely, endometrial cancers expression miR-128 is shown to be upregulated. Moreover, overexpression of miR-128 has been associated with reduced cell growth in glioma tissue and cell lines. The observations from this study, that up-regulation of miR-128 inhibited HNSCC growth through directly mediating its targets Paip2, BAG-2, H3F3B, BMI-1, and BAX in proliferation and apoptotic pathways, support that miR- 128 functions as a tumor suppressor. All of the targeted mRNAs have a complementarity 30-UTR region, which can pair with miR-128 to impede the translation of targeted mRNA resulting in a down-regulated protein level. BMI-1, H3F3B and Paip2 proteins are involved in cell proliferation. BMI-1 is a polycomb ring finger oncogene regulating the p16 and p19, cell cycle inhibitor genes. BMI-1 is also necessary for efficient self-renewing cell divisions of adult hematopoietic stem cells as well as adult peripheral and central nervous system neural stem cells. Recent reports indicate that BMI- 1 can be rapidly recruited to sites of DNA damage. H3F3B constitutes the RWJ 64809 predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated independently into chromatin of DNA synthesis. H3F3B plays a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair/replication, and chromosomal stability. In addition, BMI-1 represses transcription through chromatin Vorinostat modification. Interestingly, both BMI-1 and H3F3B showed a higher binding rate with miR-128 among these five potential targets analyzed with luciferase report assay. Plants growth and productivity are frequently threatened by various environmental stresses for their sessile nature. To cope with these stresses, plants have evolved a range of physiological and biochemical responses and a complex of signaling transduction pathways. Transcription factors are one of the critical regulatory proteins involved in abiotic stress responses and play important roles downstream of stress signaling cascades. TFs regulate the expression of a subset of stress-related genes and modulate the plant resistance to environmental stresses. Although over 100 members of NAC family have been identified in many plant species, only a few of them have been functionally characterized to date. The originally reported NAC proteins are involved in various aspects of plant development. Arabidopsis CUC2 protein plays important role in controlling the formation of boundary cell. AtNAC1 is induced by auxin and mediates auxin signaling to promote lateral root development. More recently, NAC proteins were found to participate in regulating senescence and formation of secondary walls. NAC proteins were also reported to participate in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Three Arabidopsis NAC proteins ANAC019, ANAC055 and ANAC072 were identified by yeast one-hybrid using promoter region of ERD1, and overexpression of either of these genes significantly improved drought resistance in transgenic plants. Recently, Arabidopsis NAC proteins JUB1, NTL4 and VNI2 were documented to participate in stress responses by leaf senescence regulation.