They identified 265 differentially expressed genes, including our previously identified biomarkers, IRF7, MX1, MX2, OAS1 and ZBP1. Recently, Nakaya and Pulendran reported a system biological approach, termed systems vaccinology, which was used to predict immunogenicity and provide new mechanistic insights regarding influenza vaccination. They also reported several gene sets that predicted influenza vaccine immunogenicity, including our previously identified biomarkers, MX1, MX2, OAS1 and IRF7. More recently, Franco et al. reported 20 genes, including our biomarkers, TAP2 and OAS1, which correlated with antibody responses, using integrative genomic analysis. All these reports suggest that using animal O4I2 models is still useful if biomarkers are up-regulated in vaccinated individuals and can reveal the role of biomarkers in immune responses and vaccination toxicity. Thus, in the preclinical and clinical phase, the acquisition of transcriptome data from both vaccinated individuals and animals, and a comparison of these data will be helpful for future vaccine development and batch release testing. Taken together, system biological approaches to identify vaccine toxicity using whole genome transcriptome methods will improve vaccine development in preclinical and clinical phases if more data are generated from successfully vaccinated individuals and those with side effects. It is still unclear whether and how these factors determine immunogenicity and toxicity. Further studies are required to identify and reveal the mechanisms underlying vaccination in humans and in animal models, including nonhuman primates. Erectile dysfunction is the consistent or recurrent inability to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Recent epidemiological reports showed that depending on the definition used and study design, ED prevalence ranged from 10% to 52%, and the Penitrem A annual incidence is 30 new cases per 1000 inhabitants in western countries. Even though numerous ED animal models have been established, such as those involving hyperlipidemia, internal iliac artery ligation, diabetes mellitus, denervation, hypertension, smoking, pelvic irradiation and prostanoids, the arteriogenic ED model remains the most common type of model. One reason for the popularity of the arteriogenic ED model is that performing internal iliac artery ligation is quite simple. However, the disadvantages of establishing arteriogenic ED models are the long duration of high-fat diet feeding and the auto-compensation observed 3 or more months after injury. Another disadvantage is the high price of the special rats required for arteriogenic ED models, such as testosterone-supplemented spontaneously hypertensive rats, transgenic rats even though the period in ED developing was shorter, and rats with injuries made in the acute phase.