Conidia were harvested from 5-day-old CMC cultures as described and examined by DIC microscopy. The ones that lacked foot cells or had fewer than four septa were considered to be defective in conidium morphology. For both PH-1 and the Fgsch9 mutant, conidium morphology assays were repeated three times and 400 conidia were examined in each replicate. To compare their differences in conidium size, the length and width of conidia of PH-1 and the Fgsch9 mutant were measured in three independent experiments with at least 80 conidia measured per replicate. The average number of septa in conidia was calculated with data from three experiments of counting septa in 150 conidia per replicate. The resulting data were subjected to analyses of variance with the SPSS17.0 statistics software package. Cell-based approaches to bone tissue engineering provide a tremendous opportunity to repair large, non-healing bone defects by enriching the site with regenerative cells. However, the potential benefit is hampered by the need for rapid vascularization to maintain cell viability and also provide complex signaling cues between vasculature, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and osteoprogenitors that guide tissue repair and maturation. Therefore, coupling vascularization strategies with bone tissue engineering may greatly improve functional outcomes. Previously, our group has demonstrated the ability of lowpassage adipose-derived stem/stromal cells to form robust vascular Tiopronin networks within osteogenic tissues in vitro with the help of biomimetic spatiotemporal cues. Aggregation of ASCs into multicellular spheroids substantially improved their ability to form interconnected vascular networks. This vascular growth was inhibited in the presence of osteogenic EDO-S101 factors, and necessitated the development of a step-wise protocol in which vascular networks were established before osteogenic induction. Furthermore, this composite tissue induction was coupled by plateletderived growth factor, which significantly increased both vessel density and mineralization when added exogenously.