Although the sclera does not contribute significantly to visual perception

The factors that affect the ability of this enzyme to penetrate MBM particles are studied. The results provide information critical to the design of a process to simultaneously inactivate MBM prions and add functionality to normal MBM protein. It is reasonable to question whether molecules as large as enzymes can diffuse passively into dense MBM particles. Past studies with plant tissue have often found that without assistance, enzymes penetrate too slowly for practical purposes. This corneal transparency has been attributed to significant changes in the structure, especially of collagen fibrils, in the latter stages of development. Although the sclera does not contribute significantly to visual perception, scleral diseases such as refractory scleritis, scleral perforation and pathological myopia are considered incurable or difficult to cure. Microarray analysis of murine scleral Pseudolaric-Acid-B development and global sequencing analysis from the human scleral cDNA library have been reported. To clarify pathogenesis of developmental diseases such as high myopia, a database of genes expressed in the sclera of younger donors is important. We here demonstrate with a global expression database of human infant sclera that the sclera derived from the neural crest evolutionarily retains characteristics of cartilage. This study was undertaken to investigate if human sclera has a chondrogenic nature like chicken sclera. Bioinformatics of human scleral cells suggest similarity between scleral cells and chondrocytes, and this similarity may be attributed to evolution of the sclera, that is, animals such as elasmobranch, teleost fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds incorporate the development of a cup of hyaline cartilage in the sclera. Scleral cartilage is hypothesized to counter against the traction force of the extraocular muscle and against the accommodative force to move or deform the lens by intraocular muscles. In this paper, we employ the global gene expression approach to human scleral cells.Although the target protein remains unclarified, our findings directly explain an Eleutheroside-E enigma that both the sclera and the joint cartilage are affected in rheumatic arthritis.

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